Which components form expectancy theory in performance management?

Which components form expectancy theory in performance management?

• A. Instrumentality, acceptability, and motivation
• B. Expectancies, instrumentality, and valence
• C. Valence, equity, and effort
• D. Reward probability, effort, and satisfaction

Answer: (B)

Expectancy theory explains motivation as a function of beliefs about three linked steps: effort, performance, and outcomes. The three components are: - Expectancy: the belief that adding effort will improve performance. If you think no amount of effort will change your performance, expectancy is low. - Instrumentality: the belief that good performance will lead to a reward or outcome. If high performance doesn’t reliably produce rewards, instrumentality is low. - Valence: the value or desirability of the reward to you. If the reward isn’t wanted, even strong expectancy and instrumentality won’t boost motivation. Motivation comes from multiplying these beliefs, so strong motivation occurs when you feel you can perform well, that performance will be rewarded, and the rewards are valuable to you. That’s why the correct answer lists expectancies, instrumentality, and valence. Terms like acceptability, equity, or satisfaction come from other theories or concepts, and reward probability is not the formal term used in this theory.

Expectancy theory explains motivation as a function of beliefs about three linked steps: effort, performance, and outcomes. The three components are:

• Expectancy: the belief that adding effort will improve performance. If you think no amount of effort will change your performance, expectancy is low.

• Instrumentality: the belief that good performance will lead to a reward or outcome. If high performance doesn’t reliably produce rewards, instrumentality is low.

• Valence: the value or desirability of the reward to you. If the reward isn’t wanted, even strong expectancy and instrumentality won’t boost motivation.

Motivation comes from multiplying these beliefs, so strong motivation occurs when you feel you can perform well, that performance will be rewarded, and the rewards are valuable to you. That’s why the correct answer lists expectancies, instrumentality, and valence. Terms like acceptability, equity, or satisfaction come from other theories or concepts, and reward probability is not the formal term used in this theory.